An Environmental Assessment of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates and Alkylphenols
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منابع مشابه
The Removal of Alkylphenol Ethoxylate Surfactants in Activated Sludge Systems
US EPA has finalized federal Water Quality Criteria for nonylphenol, a biodegradation intermediate of nonylphenol ethoxylates, which are commonly used surfactants. To provide information in support of this initiative, an assessment was made of the ability of wastewater treatment plants to remove these and other alkylphenol ethoxylate (APEO) surfactants that are used widely in domestic and indus...
متن کاملQuantitative determination of octylphenol , nonylphenol , alkylphenol 1 ethoxylates and alcohol ethoxylates by pressurized liquid extraction and 2 liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry in soils treated with sewage 3 sludges 4 5
13 14 Surfactants have one of the highest production rates of all organic chemicals. Non-ionic 15 surfactants, especially alkylphenol ethoxylates, received most attention as precursors of 16 estrogenic metabolic products generated during wastewater treatment. Alkylphenols (octyl 17 and nonylphenol), alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs), and alcohol ethoxylates (AEOs) 18 have been determined in a...
متن کاملIdentification and quantitation method for nonylphenol and lower oligomer nonylphenol ethoxylates in fish tissues.
Substantial research is currently focused on the toxicological effects of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) and alkylphenols (APs) on aquatic animals. Considerable data are available on the concentrations of APEs and APs in river systems in the United States; however, few if any data are available on the tissue concentrations of fish living in these rivers. A reliable method for the analysis of no...
متن کاملA sensitive and robust method for the determination of alkylphenol polyethoxylates and their carboxylic acids and their transformation in a trickling filter wastewater treatment plant.
This paper presents a method for the determination of alkylphenols, alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEO) and alkylphenol ethoxycarboxylates (APEC) in the aqueous and particulate phase of wastewater samples. Quantification was achieved by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sensitivity of the method is demonstrated by low detection limits, in the dissolved phase 1.2-9.6ngl(-1) for ...
متن کاملAlkylphenol and alkylphenol-ethoxylates in carp, water, and sediment from the Cuyahoga River, Ohio.
The occurrence of alkylphenol and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) was determined over a 74-mile length of the Cuyahoga River, Ohio. Measurable levels of both the octyl and nonyl forms of these abundantly used nonionic surfactants were observed with the nonylphenol (NP) plus nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) typically accounting for greater than 90% of the total APEs in each sample. For all media (w...
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